How is a plant disease defined?
A plant disease is defined as “anything that prevents a plant from performing to its maximum potential.” This definition is broad and includes abiotic and biotic plant diseases.
What is the meaning of loss of crops?
a failure of crops to yield sufficient food, etc, to maintain a community or to provide a surplus to sell.
How much losses are caused by plant diseases?
Abstract. The estimated potential yield losses caused by plant pathogens is up to 16% globally and most research in plant pathology aims to reduce yield loss in our crops directly or indirectly.
What are the plant disease classifications?
According to this criterion, plant diseases are classified into two types: infectious (biotic) diseases, which are caused by eukaryotes, prokaryotes, parasitic higher plants, viruses/viroids, nematodes, and protozoa, and noninfectious (abiotic) diseases, which are caused by different extreme environmental conditions [5 …
What is plant disease example?
Leaf rust (common leaf rust in corn) Stem rust (wheat stem rust) Sclerotinia (white mold) Powdery mildew.
What is the plant disease triangle?
The disease triangle is a conceptual model that shows the interactions between the environment, the host and an infectious (or abiotic) agent. This model can be used to predict epidemiological outcomes in plant health and public health, both in local and global communities.
What is nature of loss?
The Nature of Loss is a podcast series exploring personal stories of grief and looking at how interacting with nature is an important part of that process.
What are the major losses in agriculture?
Losses in agriculture can be classified into seven major categories ( ): 1. losses of crop products due to bad weather (frost, drought, heavy rain); 2. losses of crop products due to their perishable nature or diseases; 3. losses of livestock due to epidemics or diseases; 4.
What is yield loss?
Yield loss is derived from the difference between attainable and actual yield [9]. According to the effects of pest and disease injuries and dead branches, different actual yields, and therefore, different types of yield losses (primary and secondary) can be seen each year (Fig 1).
What causes plant diseases?
Infectious plant diseases are caused by living (biotic) agents, or pathogens. These pathogens can be spread from an infected plant or plant debris to a healthy plant. Microorganisms that cause plant diseases include nematodes, fungi, bacteria, and mycoplasmas.
What is disease triangle and tetrahedron?
A disease pyramid or tetrahedron, which allows for the addition of a fourth causal factor of disease. Humans factor into the disease triangle because the influence of human activity on disease is pervasive in agriculture and, perhaps to a lesser degree, in lower input systems such as forestry and range management.
When does a loss occur?
A loss occurs anytime a business sells an asset for less than the amount the business spent to obtain this asset. An operating loss occurs when the revenue derived from selling your business’ products is less than the expenses incurred to make them.
What is considered a loss in insurance?
Loss — (1) The basis of a claim for damages under the terms of a policy. (2) Loss of assets resulting from a pure risk. Broadly categorized, the types of losses of concern to risk managers include personnel loss, property loss, time element loss, and legal liability loss.
How do crop loss happen?
Primary crop losses are those caused in the specific year when pest and disease injuries occur; secondary crop losses are those resulting from negative impacts of pests and diseases of the previous year [10].
How do pests affect plants and cause losses?
Insects with chewing mouthparts, for example, grasshoppers, caterpillars, and beetles, cause feeding damage such as holes or notches in foliage and other plant parts, leaf skeletonizing (removal of tissue between the leaf veins), leaf defoliation, cutting plants off at the soil surface, or consumption of roots.
What is crop loss assessment?
CROP LOSS ASSESSMENT. Crop loss can be summarized as the difference between the attainable yield from the healthy crop and that obtained from the diseased crop and is expressed as percentage mostly in terms of money. The most important purpose of disease appraisal is the assessment of crop loss.
What are effects of plant disease?
A symptom of plant disease is a visible effect of disease on the plant. Symptoms may include a detectable change in color, shape or function of the plant as it responds to the pathogen. Leaf wilting is a typical symptom of verticilium wilt, caused by the fungal plant pathogens Verticillium albo-atrum and V. dahliae.
What are four common plant diseases?
Common Plant Diseases
- Black Spot.
- Other Leaf Spots.
- Powdery Mildew.
- Downy Mildew.
- Blight.
- Canker.