What gas comes out from blast furnace?
carbon monoxide (CO)
Blast furnace gas has a high carbon monoxide (CO) content and a low heating value, typical 3900 MJ/m3 (International Energy Agency, 2007). The five primary components of blast furnace gas are N2, CO, CO2, H2O and H2.
Is blast furnace gas flammable?
Blast furnace gas (BFG) is a by-product of blast furnaces that is generated when the iron ore is reduced with coke to metallic iron. It has a very low heating value, about 93 BTU/cubic foot (3.5 MJ/m3), because it consists of about 51 vol% nitrogen and 22 vol% carbon dioxide, which are not flammable.
What happens in a blast furnace?
blast furnace, a vertical shaft furnace that produces liquid metals by the reaction of a flow of air introduced under pressure into the bottom of the furnace with a mixture of metallic ore, coke, and flux fed into the top.
What is top gas in blast furnace?
In conventional operation, the blast furnace produces a top gas that contains more than 20 vol-% of carbon monoxide, which could be used to produce high-value chemical byproducts, such as methanol. It also contains more than 20 vol-% carbon dioxide, which could be captured and sequestrated.
What chemical reactions happen in a blast furnace?
The reactions of the blast furnace involve 1) combustion of the fuel and its conversion into carbon monoxide, 2) reduction of the ore, and 3) formation of slag. A reaction such as FeO + CO = Fe + CO2 can occur in both the forward and backward direction under conditions existing somewhere in the blast furnace.
Why is there nitrogen in blast furnace?
The technology provides for the use of nitrogen during the fanning of blast furnaces after construction or overhaul, feeding of nitrogen – in place of blast-furnace gas and steam – into the space between the bells of the charging apparatus to equalize pressure, and addition of nitrogen to the blast during problems with …
How is the blast furnace heated?
The blast furnace is a brick-lined, stainless steel stack, which is heated using pre-heated air. Limestone, coke and iron ore are placed in the blast furnace and heated. The coke, limestone and iron react in the presence of heat, producing slag and liquid iron.
Is blast furnace gas toxic?
On the other hand blast furnace gas is also categorized as a haz- ardous/toxic chemical, containing mainly carbon monoxide.
What is blast furnace?
Definition of blast furnace : a furnace in which combustion is forced by a current of air under pressure especially : one for the reduction of iron ore.
What is stove in blast furnace?
Essentially, the stove is a vertical cylindrical steel shell lined with firebrick and with the interior separated into two chambers: a combustion chamber, in which gases from the blast furnace and from other fuel sources such as the coking plant are burned, and a regenerative chamber filled with a checkerwork of …
What is working volume of blast furnace?
(3) One can calculate the effective volume of blast furnace Vu, Vu=p/n=p×K/I, where, K is the coke ratio of each ton of pig iron, and which is 0.45 in this design; I is the smelting strength, and which is 1.1, then , the effective volume of blast furnace is 3000 m3.
What can a blast furnace smelt?
Blast furnaces are similar to furnaces, but can smelt only raw ore, ore blocks and tools/armor made of iron, gold or chainmail.
How is a blast furnace heated?
Why coke is used in blast furnace?
In the blast furnace route of ironmaking, metallurgical coke are used for four main purposes: first to act as a reducing agent, second to fulfil the energy demand of the endothermic reduction reactions, third to maintain the structure and permeability inside the furnace and fourth to act as a carburiser for freshly …
Why limestone is used in blast furnace?
Limestone is also used to remove impurities from the blast furnace when making iron. The impurities are mostly silicon dioxide (also known as sand). The calcium carbonate in the limestone reacts with the silicon dioxide to form calcium silicate (also known as slag).
Why is hot air used in blast furnace?
The hot air blast to the furnace burns the coke and maintains the very high temperatures that are needed to reduce the ore to iron. The reaction between air and the fuel generates carbon monoxide. This gas reduces the iron (III) oxide in the ore to iron.
How much co2 does a blast furnace produce?
But blast furnaces produce an incredible amount of carbon dioxide. A recent study showed that 252.5 million tons of CO2 was produced in the period from 2005-2008. Putting it another way, blast furnaces produce between four and seven percent of all the man-made CO2 in the world. This is an effect that cannot be ignored.
Is Coke oven gas lighter than air?
Coke-oven gas is yellowish in colour with pungent odour and lighter than air (0.45 times lighter). Blast furnace gas is a by-product of blast furnaces, also a hazardous gas that is generated when the iron ore is reduced with coke to metallic iron.
How is blast furnace heated?
How Does a Blast Furnace Work? A blast furnace uses heat to convert iron oxides into liquid iron, which can then be used for a variety of industrial applications. The blast furnace is a brick-lined, stainless steel stack, which is heated using pre-heated air.
Why is called blast furnace?
Special nozzles called “tuyeres” are used to put the air in the furnace. The nozzles are at the bottom of the furnace. This process is called “blasting”. It is why it is called a “blast furnace”.