Which type of drug is a reversal agent?
Reversal agents are defined as any drug used to reverse the effects of anaesthetics, narcotics or potentially toxic agents. The controversy on the routine reversal of neuromuscular blockade still exists.
What is aminophylline used for?
Aminophylline injection is used together with other medicines to treat the acute symptoms of asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, and other lung diseases in a hospital setting. Aminophylline belongs to a group of medicines known as bronchodilators.
What medications interact with aminophylline?
Aminophylline (or theophylline) should not be used with drugs like cimetidine (Tagamet), erythromycin, interferons, enoxacin, thiabendazole, and tacrine (Cognex) because they slow down theophylline metabolism, leading to significantly increased theophylline levels.
Which anticoagulant has a reversal agent?
Reversal agents are used to counter the effects of anticoagulants in life-threatening situations of uncontrolled bleeding. Vitamin K is the reversal agent for warfarin, and FDA recently approved the first reversal agent for the class of “new anticoagulant drugs,” Praxbind (idrucizumab).
Why is etomidate not used?
Etomidate is an anesthetic drug with a short duration of action used for induction of anesthesia. Etomidate was introduced into clinical practice in 1972 but its use has fallen out of favor due to its side effect of decreasing the production of adrenal corticosteroids.
Why aminophylline is not recommended?
In the adult literature, a Cochrane review from 2012 recommends that aminophylline should not be considered for use in acute asthma due to serious side-effects and limited efficacy [17].
What is the contraindication of aminophylline?
Aminophylline contraindications include patients with hypersensitivity to theophylline, ethylenediamine, or any component of the drug formulation. Precautions are necessary for patients with concurrent illnesses like: Cardiac disease. Renal impairment.
What is the difference between theophylline and aminophylline?
Aminophylline is a compound of the bronchodilator theophylline with ethylenediamine in 2:1 ratio. The ethylenediamine improves solubility, and the aminophylline is usually found as a dihydrate. Aminophylline is less potent and shorter-acting than theophylline.
Which anticoagulants do not have reversal agents?
Direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs), including argatroban, bivalirudin, desirudin, and lepirudin, are US-FDA-approved alternative parenteral anticoagulants. While bleeding is the most common complication associated with DTI use, no specific reversal agent is currently available [5].
Which anticoagulant has no antidote?
In early 2013 there is no antidote for dabigatran, rivaroxaban or apixaban, nor any specific treatment with proven efficacy for severe bleeding linked to these drugs.
What is the difference between physostigmine and neostigmine?
Physostigmine is sometimes used diagnostically to differentiate functional psychosis from anticholinergic delirium. Neostigmine is used primarily to reverse the effect of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.
What is brevital used for?
Brevital Sodium (methohexital sodium for injection) is a barbiturate used to make you fall asleep before a surgery or other medical procedure. Brevital Sodium is usually given in combination with other types of anesthesia.
What is the alternative to aminophylline?
Alternatives to aminophylline include theophylline and caffeine. It is important to efficiently identify alternatives during a drug shortage to maintain optimal patient outcomes.
Is aminophylline still used?
Intravenous aminophylline has long been used in the treatment of acute exacerbations of asthma and COPD but is used much less now as it is less effective than nebulized β2-agonists.
Why do we give aminophylline slowly?
Intravenous Aminophylline must be administered very slowly to prevent dangerous central nervous system and cardiovascular side-effects due to direct stimulating effect of Aminophylline.