What are the two pathways of apoptosis?
The two main pathways of apoptosis are extrinsic and intrinsic as well as a perforin/granzyme pathway. Each requires specific triggering signals to begin an energy-dependent cascade of molecular events. Each pathway activates its own initiator caspase (8, 9, 10) which in turn will activate the executioner caspase-3.
What does Bcl-2 protein do?
A protein that helps control whether a cell lives or dies by blocking a type of cell death called apoptosis. The gene for BCL2 is found on chromosome 18, and transfer of the BCL2 gene to a different chromosome is seen in many B-cell leukemias and lymphomas.
What is apoptosis pathway?
The intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis are both naturally occurring processes by which a cell is directed to programmed cell death. Both pathways of apoptosis activate cell signaling cascades that are an indispensable part of the development and function of an organism.
How many apoptosis pathways are there?
two core
The mechanism of apoptosis mainly consist of two core pathways involved in inducing apoptosis; extrinsic pathway and intrinsic pathway. Extrinsic pathway refers to DR-mediated pathway, and the intrinsic pathway is a mitochondrial-mediated pathway.
Does Bcl-2 promote apoptosis?
BCL-2 family proteins are the regulators of apoptosis, but also have other functions. This family of interacting partners includes inhibitors and inducers of cell death. Together they regulate and mediate the process by which mitochondria contribute to cell death known as the intrinsic apoptosis pathway.
How is Bcl-2 activated?
Ceramide promotes Bcl2 dephosphorylation by activation of mitochondrial PP2A and by indirectly inhibiting PKC α.
What happens to proteins during apoptosis?
The process of apoptosis is characterized by many morphological and biochemical changes (Table 1) The morphological changes that occur during apoptosis are the result of the activation of proteolytic enzymes which (a) cleave DNA into oligonucleosomal fragments and (b) act upon the multitude of specific protein …