How do schools contribute to the school-to-prison pipeline?
Many under-resourced schools become pipeline gateways by placing increased reliance on police rather than teachers and administrators to maintain discipline. Growing numbers of districts employ school police officers to patrol school hallways, often with little or no training in working with youth.
Who is affected by the school-to-prison pipeline?
Who’s in the Pipeline? Students from two groups—racial minorities and children with disabilities—are disproportionately represented in the school-to-prison pipeline.
Who profits from school-to-prison pipeline?
According to the Vera Institute of Justice, 68% goes to personnel who work in incarceration (their salaries and benefits), 11% to inmate healthcare, and the final 21% (or 16 billion dollars) pays for boarding costs and services.
Is the school-to-prison pipeline real?
The school-to-prison pipeline is fully operational in Massachusetts, and it impacts students of color and students with disabilities the most. Black students are almost four times and Latino students three times as likely to be suspended as their white peers.
What happened in school-to-prison pipeline?
Fueled by zero tolerance policies and the presence of police officers in schools, and made worse by school funding cuts that overburden counselors and high-stakes tests that stress teachers, these excessive practices have resulted in the suspensions, expulsions, and arrests of tens of millions of public school students …
How does the United States perpetuate the school-to-prison pipeline?
Based on their research, key factors that lead to interactions with police include limited resources, incentives to push out low-performing students, underqualified teachers, overcrowded classrooms and limited funding for student resources like counseling and special education services.
Who created the zero tolerance policy in schools?
History. The label of zero-tolerance began with the Gun-Free Schools Act of 1994, when Congress authorized public-school funding subject to the adoption of zero-tolerance policies.
Who first used the term school-to-prison pipeline?
The origins of the school- to prison pipeline can be directly traced to zero tolerance policies instituted in the 1980’s by Ronald and Nancy Reagan but initially inspired by Richard Nixon in the 70’s.
Do zero tolerance policies violate students rights?
In addition, zero tolerance policies may not violate a minor’s constitutional right to be free from state dissemination of their private affairs-a natural consequence of disciplining students in possession of contraceptives in violation of the zero tolerance policy.
Do zero tolerance policies make schools safer?
Zero tolerance has not been shown to improve school climate or school safety. Its application in suspension and expulsion has not proven an effective means of improving student behavior.
Why did No Child Left Behind fail?
NCLB had grown increasingly unpopular, blamed for setting impossible-to-reach goals, inciting test-prep frenzy, and unfairly targeting high-poverty schools.
Is Every Student Succeeds Act still in effect?
The Every Student Succeeds Act is still due for reauthorization after the 2020-21 school year.
Does zero tolerance still exist?
Research. There is no concrete evidence that zero-tolerance reduces violence or drug abuse by students. Furthermore, school suspension and expulsion result in a number of negative outcomes for both schools and students.