Is norfloxacin soluble in water?
Norfloxacin is a white to pale yellow crystalline powder with a molecular weight of 319.34 and a melting point of about 221°C. It is freely soluble in glacial acetic acid, and very slightly soluble in ethanol, methanol and water.
How do you dissolve norfloxacin?
Norfloxacin is soluble in organic solvents such as DMSO and dimethyl formamide, which should be purged with an inert gas. The solubility of norfloxacin in these solvents is approximately 2 and 5 mg/ml, respectively.
What is the chemical structure of norfloxacin?
Norfloxacin hydrochloride
| PubChem CID | 12733888 |
|---|---|
| Structure | Find Similar Structures |
| Molecular Formula | C16H19ClFN3O3 |
| Synonyms | Norfloxacin hydrochloride 104142-93-0 68077-27-0 Norfloxacin (hydrochloride) NORFLOXACIN HCL More… |
| Molecular Weight | 355.79 |
What is the classification of norfloxacin?
Norfloxacin is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as quinolone antibiotics. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.
Is norfloxacin hydrophobic?
Studies on two representative drugs of this class, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, were undertaken for the role of surface activity vis-à-vis liquid membranes in their biological actions. These drugs have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups in their structure and hence they are likely to be surface-active [288].
Which of the following forms inclusion complex and improves aqueous solubility and dissolution rate?
| Q. | Which of the following forms inclusion complex and improves aqueous solubility and dissolution rate? |
|---|---|
| B. | PEG |
| C. | PVT |
| D. | Poloxamer |
| Answer» a. Cyclodextrins |
Which drug shows higher solubility?
Drug in amorphous state Poor water soluble crystalline drugs in amorphous state tend to have higher solubility. [20] This is because no energy is required to break crystal lattice in amorphous state during dissolution.
How does cyclodextrin increase solubility?
The cyclodextrin·s cylindrical shape allows the guest molecule, the drug, to be kept within the hydrophobic interior while the exterior of the cyclodextrin is hydrophilic and soluble in aqueous solution. This complex improves the drug solubility and ultimately the bioavailability of insoluble drugs.
Is Norflox and norfloxacin the same?
Norfloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic. Other fluoroquinolones include ciprofloxacin (Cipro), levofloxacin (Levaquin), and ofloxacin (Floxin). Norfloxacin works by blocking DNA gyrase enzyme, which is responsible for production and repair of bacterial DNA.
Which process is targeted by norfloxacin?
Norfloxacin is a synthetic, broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone with antibacterial activity. Norfloxacin inhibits activity of DNA gyrase, thereby blocking bacterial DNA replication.
What is the difference between norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin?
For the prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in patients with liver cirrhosis, norfloxacin 400mg per day is a standard regimen. Ciprofloxacin 750 mg per week is also known to be effective for prevention of SBP. In addition, ciprofloxacin once weekly administration is more convenient and less costly.
Which form of drug shows higher solubility?
Which form of drug has greater solubility?
11. Which form of a drug has greater solubility? Explanation: Anhydrous form of a drug has a greater aqueous solubility than the hydrates. This is because the hydrates are already in interaction with the water and therefore have less energy for crystal breakup.
What is solubility in physical pharmacy?
Solubility is the property of a solid, liquid, or gaseous chemical substance called solute to dissolve in a solid, liquid, or gaseous solvent to form a homogeneous solution of the solute in the solvent. The solubility of a substance fundamentally depends on the solvent used as well as on temperature and pressure.
What is physical Pharmaceutic solute?
The most commonly encountered solutions are solids dissolved in liquids. The solid that dissolves in a liquid is the solute and the liquid in which it dissolves is solvent. A solute is a dissolved agent usually the less abundant part of the solution whereas solvent is the more abundant part of the solution.
Is cyclodextrin soluble in water?
Purification of the three types of cyclodextrins takes advantage of the different water solubility of the molecules: β-CD which is poorly water-soluble (18.5 g/l or 16.3mM) (at 25C) can be easily retrieved through crystallization while the more soluble α- and γ-CDs (145 and 232 g/l respectively) are usually purified by …
What is the difference between norfloxacin and ofloxacin?
In the norfloxacin group bacteriuria was eliminated in 8 cases, unchanged in 1, decreased in 1 and replaced in 5. The overall effectiveness rate was 14 of 15 in the ofloxacin group and 12 of 15 in the norfloxacin group. Ofloxacin 200mg once daily was as effective as norfloxacin 400mg twice daily in this open study.
What is the mechanism of action of norfloxacin?
The mechanism of action of norfloxacin involves inhibition of the A subunit of the important bacterial enzyme DNA gyrase, which is essential for DNA replication. Plasmid-mediated resistance to the fluoroquinolones is not encountered.
What is the generic name for norfloxacin?
Norfloxacin, sold under the brand name Noroxin among others, is an antibiotic that belongs to the class of fluoroquinolone antibiotics. It is used to treat urinary tract infections, gynecological infections, inflammation of the prostate gland, gonorrhea and bladder infection.
Which drugs are water soluble?
Vitamins, Water-Soluble
- aminobenzoate potassium.
- Ascor.
- ascorbic acid.
- Athlete.
- Calomist.
- Cenolate.
- cobalamin.
- Cobex.
What is the solubility of norfloxacin at 25 • C?
The pH-solubility profile of norfloxacin at 25 • C was also reported by Ahumada et al. (1993) with minimum solubility of 0.31 mg/ml at pH 7. Fallati et al. (1994) informed pH-solubility profile of ciprofloxacin at 25 • C with a minimum of 0.088 mg/ml at pH 6.84.
Can we predict norfloxacin release kinetics from solid oral formulations?
The paper presents a study of norfloxacin release kinetics from solid oral formulations in compendial and biorelevant media simulating the composition of the gastric and intestinal contents before and after meal intake in terms of establishing the predictive kinetic models to be further correlated with in vivo pharmacokinetic profiles.
How does norfloxacin inhibit cell division?
It functions by inhibiting DNA gyrase, a type II topoisomerase, and topoisomerase IV, enzymes necessary to separate bacterial DNA, thereby inhibiting cell division. Norfloxacin does not bind to DNA gyrase but does bind to the substrate DNA.
What is the concentration of norfloxacin in wastewater?
Average norfloxacin concentrations of 0.25 and 0.33 ug/L have been reported for influent and effluent respectively, of wastewater treatment plants sampled in Wisconsin (1).